Yes, as many times as you like. An enchanting table never wears out and never needs repairing. What runs out is lapis lazuli and experience levels, not the table.
What each use costs
Every enchantment takes one to three lapis and the matching number of experience levels. The three slots offer different strengths, and the bottom slot — the expensive one — is the only one that reaches the strongest enchantments.
You do not lose all your levels, only the number shown. Enchanting at level 30 leaves you at level 27, not zero, which is why people bank levels well above 30 before a session.
Why the offers change
The table rolls a fresh set of offers whenever you enchant anything, or when you place a different item in the slot. If none of the three options appeal, put in a cheap item like a wooden shovel, take the level-one enchantment, and the list rerolls. It is a slow way to fish for a specific enchantment but it works.
The limits worth knowing
No amount of rerolling produces a treasure enchantment. Mending, Frost Walker, Soul Speed, Swift Sneak, Wind Burst and the two curses cannot come from a table at all — only from loot, trading, fishing or bartering. If you are hunting Mending specifically, stop rerolling and go find a librarian.
The table also caps at level 30 offers, and that requires fifteen bookshelves placed correctly around it. More than fifteen changes nothing.
Spend the levels well
Rolling is only half the job. Combining what you roll is where most levels get wasted, because each anvil use raises the hidden work penalty. Plan the full set first with the enchantment calculator, and check what is actually worth having in the enchantment list.